Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Stress is a condition of disruption of the balance of the organism involving physiological or psychological tension caused by internal or external factors.(Dorland, 2010) Stress can affect all ages, from children and adolescents to adults.The causes of stress at each age are very diverse, so the way to handle it differs at each age level (Mumpuni & Wulandari, 2010).

, so the way
o handle it differs at each age level (Mumpuni & Wulandari, 2010).

Stress is one of the factors that can trigger the incidence of Pityriasis capitis.Pityriasis capitis is one of the mild non-inflammatory skin disorders caused by the fungus Pityrosporum ovale in the form of refined and rough squamous (Djuanda, Hamzah, & Aisah, 2007).This disorder begins as small patche Stress is one of the factors that can trigger the incidence of Pityriasis capitis.Pityriasis capitis is one of the mild non-inflammatory skin disorders caused by the fungus Pityrosporum ovale in the form of refined and rough squamous (Djuanda, Hamzah, & Aisah, 2007).This disorder begins as small patches that affect the entire scalp (Manuel, 2010).Other names of Pityriasis capitis are dandruff, dandruff, and Pityriasis simplex (Saint-Leger, 1986).
that affect the entire scalp (Manuel, 2010).Other names of Pityriasis capitis are dandruff, dandruff, and Pityriasis simplex (Saint-Leger, 1986).

The stress level is closely related to the sebaceous glandular's high activity, which results in changes in temperature and humidity on the scalp.On the scalp of patients with Pityriasis capitis or dandruff, there is an increase in the Pityrosporum ovale as much as 1.5 to 2 times the average amount (Park The stress level is closely related to the sebaceous glandular's high activity, which results in changes in temperature and humidity on the scalp.On the scalp of patients with Pityriasis capitis or dandruff, there is an increase in the Pityrosporum ovale as much as 1.5 to 2 times the average amount (Park et al., 2012).Increased colonization of Pityrosporum ovale is also influenced by an increase in sebum from the sebaceous glands at puberty (Dawson Jr, 2007).
t al., 2012).Increased colonization of Pityrosporum ovale is also influenced by an increase in sebum from the sebaceous glands at puberty (Dawson Jr, 2007).

Pityriasis capitis is found in 50% of the global population post-pubertal and adolescence.Pityriasis capitis can also affect all ethnicities and genders but is rarely found in children, although it is usually mild (Putri, Natalia, & Fitriangga, 2020).The severity of dandruff is influenced by age, especially Pityriasis capitis is found in 50% of the global population post-pubertal and adolescence.Pityriasis capitis can also affect all ethnicities and genders but is rarely found in children, although it is usually mild (Putri, Natalia, & Fitriangga, 2020).The severity of dandruff is influenced by age, especially puberty and middle age (reaching the age of 20 years), and rarely occurs at the age of 50 years (Putri et al., 2020).Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 2023 Pityriasis capitis has a relatively high number, especially in Indonesia, a tropical country with high humidity that allows for the growth of various plants and microorganisms well.One of the microorganisms that can grow well in Indonesia is fungi (Arifin, 2005).The prevalence of the Indonesian population suffering from dandruff, according to the International Data Base, US Census Bureau 2004, is 18.4% of 238 452 952 people and ranks fourth after China, India, and the US (Sinaga, Subakir, & WAHYUDI, 2012).
puberty and middle age (reaching the age of 20 years), and rarely occurs at the age of 50 years (Putri et al., 2020).Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 2023 Pityriasis capitis has a relatively high number, especially in Indonesia, a tropical country with high humidity that allows for the growth of various plants and microorganisms well.One of the microorganisms that can grow well in Indon sia is fungi (Arifin, 2005).The prevalence of the Indonesian population suffering from dandruff, according to the International Data Base, US Census Bureau 2004, is 18.4% of 238 452 952 people and ranks fourth after China, India, and the US (Sinaga, Subakir, & WAHYUDI, 2012).

Vocational High School (SMK) is a form of formal education unit that provides vocational education at the secondary education level as a continuation of Junior High School (SMP), Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs), or other equivalent forms (Pen Vocational High School (SMK) is a form of formal education unit that provides vocational education at the secondary education level as a continuation of Junior High School (SMP), Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs), or other equivalent forms (Pendidikan Nasional, 2010).Vocational students are considered more rebellious, more easily depressed, and more pessimistic about the education and job prospects they will get in the future than high school students (Chintia, 2018).This research will be aimed at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh, the only SMK located in Sungai Pinyuh.This vocational school has a good category "B" accreditation and has three majors: office administration, multimedia, and marketing.
idikan Nasional, 2010).Vocational students are considered more rebellious, more easily depressed, and more pessimistic about the education and job prospects they will get in the future than high school students (Chintia, 2018).This research will be aimed at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh, the only SMK located in Sungai Pinyuh.This vocational school has a good category "B" accreditation and has three majors: office administration, multimedia, and marketing.

Based on the description above and the lack of research showing the relationship between stress and the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff ), it is necessary to research the relationship between stress levels and the incidence of Pi Based on the description above and the lack of research showing the relationship between stress and the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff ), it is necessary to research the relationship between stress levels and the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) in female students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh.
yriasis capitis (dandruff) in female students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh.


METHOD

The design used in this study is observational analytics with a cross-sectional type research design approach.The research time allocation starts in December 2018 -June 2020.The research was conducted at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pin

METHOD
The design used in this study is observational analytics with a cross-sectional type research design approach.The research time allocation starts in December 2018 -June 2020.The research was conducted at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh.The inclusion criteria in this study are registered as a student at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh, willing to be a research respondent, a student who does not wear hijab, and having personal hygiene good (washing vines >2x / week).

h.The i
clusion criteria in this study are registered as a student at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh, willing to be a research respondent, a student who does not wear hijab, and having personal hygiene good (washing vines >2x / week).

While the exclusion criteria in this study were not willing to be research respondents, not present at the time of sampling, and female students wearing hijab, the number of samples in the study was 50.The instruments used in this study were While the exclusion criteria in this study were not willing to be research respondents, not present at the time of sampling, and female students wearing hijab, the number of samples in the study was 50.The instruments used in this study were DASS questionnaire sheets, anamnesis, and direct scalp observation examination.The number of research subjects was 50 people.The subjects of the study were grouped according to age and class characteristics.The age range in the study ranged from 15 years to 20 years, which is the general age range for female students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh.The youngest age in the study was 15 years old, and the oldest was 20 years old.The group of study subjects with the most extensive distribution was 17-year-olds with 21 people (42%).The research subjects who had the most extensive distribution were class XII students, as many as 27 people (54%).The square, hair loss, redness, and oily hair characterize the physical examination results.The study subjects found squama on physical examination as many as 35 people (70%).Study subjects who experienced hair loss as many as 40 people (80%).The study subjects had redness on the scalp as many as five people (10%).The study subjects experienced oily hair, as many as 35 people (70%), and of the study subjects experienced inflammation on the physical examination results.The results of this study showed no significant relationship between the level of stress on the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) in female students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh with a significant data value of 0.591 (p > 0.05).
ASS questionnaire sheets, anamnesis, and direct scalp observation examination.The number of research subjects was 50 people.The subjects of the study were grouped according to age and class characteristics.The age range in the study ranged from 15 years to 20 years, which is the general age range for female students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh.The youngest age in the study was 15 years old, and the oldest was 20 years old.The group of study subjects with the most extensive distribution was 17-year-olds with 21 people (42%).The research subjects who had the most extensive distribution were class XII students, as many as 27 people (54%).The square, hair loss, redness, and oily hair characterize the physical examination results.The study subjects found squama on physical examination as many as 35 people (70%).Study subjects who experienced hair loss as many as 40 people (80%).The study subjects had redness on the scalp as many as five people (10%).The study subjects experienced oily hair, as many as 35 people (70%), and of the study subjects experienced inflammation on the physical examination results.The results of this study showed no significant relationship between the level of stress on the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) in female students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh with a significant data value of 0.591 (p > 0.05).


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This result is different from the research conducted by Diana Yusfiandriani Dewi (Dewi, 2019); his research concluded a relationship between stress level and the incidence of Pityriasis sicca.The results explained that students experienced stress accompanied by Pityriasis sicca by 83.6% and without Pityriasis sicca by 16.4%.

The results of this study also do not fit the theory that stress can cause Pityriasis capitis (dandruff).Stress can increase scalp sebum production by activating the hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary (HPA axis) as one response to stress.Activation of the HPA axis leads to the release of the Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), the primary endocrine system in times of stress.The release of CRF by the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland.The pituitary gland will secrete Adreno-Corticotropic Hormone (ACTH), stimulating increased sebaceous gland production (Steigleder & Maibach, 1993).Malassezia mushrooms

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This result is different from the research conducted by Diana Yusfiandriani Dewi (Dewi, 2019); his research concluded a relationship between stress level and the incidence of Pityriasis sicca.The results explained that students experienced stress accompanied by Pityriasis sicca by 83.6% and without Pityriasis sicca by 16.4%.
The results of this study also do not fit the theory that stress can cause Pityriasis capitis (dandruff).Stress can increase scalp sebum production by activating the hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary (HPA axis) as one response to stress.Activation of the HPA axis leads to the release of the Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), the primary endocrine system in times of stress.The release of CRF by the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland.The pituitary gland will secrete Adreno-Corticotropic Hormone (ACTH), stimulating increased sebaceous gland production (Steigleder & Maibach, 1993).Malassezia mushrooms break down sebum, liberating some fatty acids from triglycerides.Malassezia mushrooms consume specific saturated fatty acids necessary for proliferation, leaving unsaturated fatty acids (Dawson Jr, 2007).

ng some fatty acids from triglycerides.Malass
zia mushrooms consume specific saturated fatty acids necessary for proliferation, leaving unsaturated fatty acids (Dawson Jr, 2007).

Turner et al .(Turner, Hoptroff, & Harding, 2012) state that psychological stress is a factor that aggravates the condition of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff).It has been found that the incidence and severity of dandruff begin to subside once the underlying causes of stress are addressed and resolved.So, if a person suffers from dandruff, it is essential to deal with stress.Stress levels can be reduced through exercise, meditation, and so on (Yarova, Molchanova, Ablezova, Bagdasarova, & Willmann, 2013).

This research is in line with the results of research conducted by Cintya (Fa'izah, Flora Ramona, & Dewi, 2016), Hasanah (Sari, 2020), and Joshua (Joshua, 2018).The three studies conc Turner et al .(Turner, Hoptroff, & Harding, 2012) state that psychological stress is a factor that aggravates the condition of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff).It has been found that the incidence and severity of dandruff begin to subside once the underlying causes of stress are addressed and resolved.So, if a person suffers from dandruff, it is essential to deal with stress.Stress levels can be reduced through exercise, meditation, and so on (Yarova, Molchanova, Ablezova, Bagdasarova, & Willmann, 2013).
This research is in line with the results of research conducted by Cintya (Fa'izah, Flora Ramona, & Dewi, 2016), Hasanah (Sari, 2020), and Joshua (Joshua, 2018).The three studies concluded no relationship between stress levels and the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) even though the three studies had differences in the Isaiah and Karthikeyan (Isaiah & Karthikeyan, 2015) state that several factors influence the incidence of dandruff, including increased sebum production in the sebaceous glands, individual susceptibility factors, environmental factors (environmental temperature and humidity), stress, and excessive growth of Pityrosporum ovale fungi on the scalp.
uded no relationship between stress levels and the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) even though the three studies had differences in the Isaiah and Karthikeyan (Isaiah & Karthikeyan, 2015) state that several factors influence the incidence of dandruff, including increased sebum production in the sebaceous glands, individual susceptibility factors, environmental factors (environmental temperature and humidity), stress, and excessive growth of Pityrosporum ovale fungi on the scalp.

According to re According to research conducted by Gaitanis Georgios et al .(Gaitanis, Magiatis, Hantschke, Bassukas, & Velegraki, 2012) through the journal The Malassezia Genus In Skin and Systemic Disease states that dandruff is more common in environments that have high humidity and heat.This research was conducted during hot and humid weather so that it can be a suitable habitat for fungal growth.Indonesia is a humid and hot country because Indonesia is a country traversed by the equator.The climate in Indonesia has a temperature of 22-35ºC with a humidity of 65-90%.The climate in Indonesia creates suitable conditions for the growth of Malassezia fungal colonies.
earch conducted by Gaitanis Georgios et al .(Gaitanis, Magiatis, Hantschke, Bassukas, & Velegraki, 2012) through the journal The Malassezia Genus In Skin and Systemic Disease states that dandruff is more common in environments that have high humidity and heat.This research was conducted during hot and humid weather so that it can be a suitable habitat for fungal growth.Indonesia is a humid and hot country because Indonesia is a country traversed by the equator.The climate in Indonesia has a temperature of 22-35ºC with a humidity of 65-90%.The climate in Indonesia creates suitable conditions for the growth of Malassezia fungal colonies.

In this study, there was no significant relationship be In this study, there was no significant relationship between the level of stress and the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) in female students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh.The results of this study are caused by other factors that researchers have yet to observe and study, such as personal hygiene, hormonal, consumption of high-fat foods, drug use, and heredity.
ween the level of stress and the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) in female students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh.The results of this study are caused by other factors that researchers have yet to observe and study, such as personal hygiene, hormonal, consumption of high-fat foods, drug use, and heredity.


CONCLUSION

There was no relationship between the level of stress and the incidence of Pityriasis Capitis (dandruff) in students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh with the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) in students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh as much as 70% totaling 35 students and the stress level of research subjects with Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) in students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh were predominantly classified as normal stress category.



Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Researchand Development, 1(1), 2023




sample.Research conducted by Cintya on the subject of SMA-IT dormitory student Nur Hidayah Kartasura.Research conducted by Hasanah o

CONCLUSION
There was no relationship between the level of stress and the incidence of Pityriasis Capitis (dandruff) in students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh with the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) in students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh as much as 70% totaling 35 students and the stress level of research subjects with Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) in students at SMK Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh were predominantly classified as normal stress category.
Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Researchand Development, 1(1), 2023 sample.Research conducted by Cintya on the subject of SMA-IT dormitory student Nur Hidayah Kartasura.Research conducted by Hasanah on the research subjects of level II students of the Medical Study Program of Sebelas Maret University.Research conducted by Joshua on the research subjects of students of the Faculty of Medicine, Andalasan University, class of 2017.
the research subjects of level II students of the Medical Study Program of Sebelas Maret University.Research conducted by Joshua on the research subjects of students of the Faculty of Medicine, Andalasan University, class of 2017.


Table 1 .
1
Characteristics of respondents
Characteristic NumberPityriasisStress LevelPercentage(ofcapitispeople)(ketombe)(+) (-)Normal LightKee

Table 1 .
Characteristics of respondents

Table 2 .
Physical Examination Results

Table 3 .
Overview of Stress Levels of Research Subjects with Pityriasis Capitis

and Discussion of Bivariate AnalysisTable 4 .
The Relationship Between Stress Levels and the Incidence of Pityriasis Capitis (dandruff)