Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development

Human Resource Development Strategy and Institutional Capacity for Enterprise Development in Timor-Leste: A Case Study of IADE

2026-06-29T02:55:52+00:00

Human resource development (HRD) has become a central issue in enterprise development, particularly in developing and post-conflict economies, where business growth is often constrained by limited managerial capacity, weak entrepreneurial skills, and insufficient institutional support. This study examined how HRD strategy and institutional capacity support enterprise development in Timor-Leste through a case study of the *Instituto de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Empresarial* (IADE). Using a qualitative single-case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis. The findings showed that IADE’s HRD strategy functioned as both an internal capacity-building mechanism and an external enterprise support instrument. IADE supported entrepreneurs through training, mentoring, consultancy, business assistance, incubation services, business registration support, and promotional activities. However, the effectiveness of these programs was constrained by limited staff development, insufficient budget allocation, a shortage of qualified trainers, and weak post-training monitoring systems. The study also found that enterprise development outcomes depended not only on the availability of training programs but also on staff competence, trainer availability, continuity of mentoring, and entrepreneurs’ managerial commitment. This study contributes to the HRD and enterprise development literature by highlighting the role of public institutional capacity in supporting enterprise development in resource-constrained, post-conflict economies.

Interoperability Evaluation of BIM Data Transfer from Autodesk Revit to Robot Structural Analysis

2026-06-29T02:56:19+00:00

The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the construction industry demands efficient information integration across different disciplines. The integration between structural models and finite element models (BIM-to-FEM) has become crucial for data integration in structural analysis and modeling. The workflow from modeling to integration has a significant impact on the quality of the model output. This study aims to evaluate the level of interoperability in one-way data exchange from Autodesk Revit to Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional (RSA) using the native API (Application Programming Interface) integration method. Testing was conducted through a case study involving the modeling of a multistory reinforced concrete building, with test parameters encompassing geometric consistency, material and section properties, structural connectivity, loading information, boundary conditions, and data loss. The evaluation results indicate that all data exchange indicators were fundamentally transferred successfully, achieving a 100% parameter accuracy rate. Nevertheless, this workflow does not run fully automatically and still requires significant manual adjustments and rework related to structural engineering logic. This study formulates standardized preprocessing steps to minimize misinterpretation errors before structural analysis computation is executed.

Minimizing Production Defects in Bolts Using The Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) Method at PT. Platindo Makmur Sentosa

2026-07-10T04:17:15+00:00

Product defects in the manufacturing industry remain a critical challenge because they affect production efficiency, operational costs, and customer satisfaction. PT. Platindo Makmur Sentosa, a bolt manufacturing company, faces challenges related to high defect rates, inefficient production planning, and difficulties in determining optimal production quantities. This study aims to identify the causes of bolt production defects, evaluate the production process, and determine the economical production quantity using the Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) method to minimize defects and improve production efficiency. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach supported by direct observation, interviews, production data collection, and literature reviews. The analysis was conducted through defect identification, Pareto analysis, Fishbone Diagram analysis, and EPQ calculations based on production data from October to November 2023. The results showed that the main causes of defects were associated with human factors, materials, methods, machinery, and environmental conditions. The highest defect contributions were found in the FH 12×3 ZINC and TSAK 8×2.1/2 ZINC bolt types. The implementation of the EPQ method reduced production setup frequency and significantly decreased defect rates. For FH 12×3 ZINC bolts, defects decreased by 494 grams (25%), while TSAK 8×2.1/2 ZINC bolts experienced a reduction of 522 grams (45.5%). In conclusion, the EPQ method effectively optimizes production quantities, reduces defects, and improves operational efficiency. The company is recommended to implement structured production planning, conduct regular machine maintenance, and provide operator training to sustain continuous quality improvement.

Profitability Effect Performance and Eco-Efficiency on Company Value using ESG as A Moderation Variable (Study on Energy Sector Companies on The Indonesia Stock Exchange)

2026-07-10T04:18:11+00:00

The increasing demand for sustainable business practices has encouraged companies to consider not only financial performance but also environmental responsibility and governance quality in creating long-term corporate value. The energy sector, as one of the industries with significant environmental impacts, faces challenges in maintaining profitability while implementing sustainability strategies. This study aimed to examine the effects of profitability and eco-efficiency on company value and to analyze the role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) as a moderating variable in these relationships. This research employed a quantitative approach using a causal associative design. Data were obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2024 period. Using purposive sampling, 215 firm-year observations were selected and analyzed through panel data regression using the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that profitability had a positive and significant effect on company value, whereas eco-efficiency did not significantly influence company value. Furthermore, ESG strengthened the relationship between profitability and company value, indicating that sustainability disclosures enhanced market recognition of financial performance. However, ESG did not moderate the relationship between eco-efficiency and company value. This study concluded that profitability remained a key determinant of corporate value, while sustainability practices required stronger market recognition to generate valuation benefits. The findings provide implications for companies, investors, and policymakers in developing sustainable strategies that integrate financial performance with ESG principles.

Improving Digital Literacy Among Islamic Religious Education Teachers Through Online Training in Talaud Islands Regency

2026-07-16T07:34:08+00:00

This study analyzed: (1) the implementation of online training for Islamic Religious Education (IRE) teachers; (2) teachers' digital literacy following the training and its application in classroom instruction; and (3) the supporting and constraining factors affecting the implementation of online training and teachers' digital literacy in Talaud Islands Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with thirteen informants selected through purposive sampling, including six IRE teachers, the Head of the Ministry of Religious Affairs Office, an IRE supervisor, one principal, and four students. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis and were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The trustworthiness of the findings was enhanced through source and method triangulation and member checking. The findings revealed that online training was delivered through webinars, workshops, technical guidance programs, distance education, and independent digital learning. The training covered instructional planning, curriculum implementation, interactive learning media, digital assessment tools such as Quizizz and Google Forms, and digital literacy competencies. Zoom Meetings was the most frequently used platform, although teacher participation remained uneven. Teachers' digital literacy improved across information access, digital platform utilization, digital media development, digital assessment, digital ethics, and technology integration in IRE instruction. However, teachers' levels of digital literacy varied and were influenced not only by online training but also by self-directed learning, teacher professional education programs, teacher working groups, professional learning communities, and peer support. Supporting factors included teachers' motivation, institutional support from schools, the Ministry of Religious Affairs, and supervisors, as well as the availability of technological facilities. The primary constraints included unstable internet connectivity, limited access to digital devices, inadequate digital competencies, and inconsistent institutional support across different areas.

Risk Management in Direct Procurement of Construction Services at The Klungkung Regency Government

2026-06-18T03:20:38+00:00

Procurement of direct construction work according to Presidential Regulation Number 46 of 2025 is an election method to obtain construction service providers with a maximum contract value of IDR 400,000,000.00 (four hundred million rupiah). Meanwhile, direct procurement of construction consultancy services is an election method to obtain construction consultancy service providers with a maximum value of IDR 100,000,000.00 (one hundred million rupiah). The Klungkung Regency Government is one of the active local governments implementing direct procurement of construction services. Due to the large number of direct procurement packages being implemented, procurement actors often encounter various problems throughout the direct construction service procurement process. These challenges may lead to the emergence of risks affecting the procurement actors involved in the implementation of such projects. This study aims to identify, map, and determine risk acceptance levels, identify dominant risks, formulate mitigation strategies for dominant risks, and determine the impact of dominant risks on project cost and time. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection methods included literature reviews, interviews, and brainstorming sessions. The study involved 30 respondents, with the results identifying 45 risks, of which 26 were classified as dominant risks. Six risks were categorized as unacceptable risks, one of which was the absence of advance payment provisions in the contract, resulting in the need for initial capital to support project operations. The proposed mitigation strategy for this risk was to establish a proportional payment scheme in the contract, such as initial installment payments or payments based on work progress. Twenty risks were categorized as undesirable risks, including technical disruptions such as network failures, internet outages, and server downtime. The mitigation strategies included preparing alternative networks, establishing backup implementation schedules, and ensuring coordination with system managers to minimize technical disruptions.

The Influence of Supervisors’ Communication Style, Empathy, and Support on Employee Loyalty, Mediated by Emotional Intelligence Management: A PLS-SEM Analysis

2026-06-29T02:56:41+00:00

Employee loyalty is a crucial factor in supporting organizational sustainability and effectiveness. However, various studies have shown that loyalty is influenced not only by structural factors but also by the quality of relationships between supervisors and subordinates. This study aimed to analyze the influence of supervisors’ communication style, empathy, and support on employee loyalty through emotional intelligence management as a mediating variable. The study was grounded in Social Exchange Theory and Organizational Support Theory, which explain that the quality of social interactions in the workplace can shape employees’ positive attitudes and behaviors toward the organization. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 205 employees. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, while the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that supervisors’ communication style had a positive and significant effect on employees’ emotional intelligence management (? = 0.195; p < 0.05). Conversely, supervisors’ empathy and support did not significantly influence emotional intelligence management. In addition, emotional intelligence management did not significantly influence employee loyalty and was unable to mediate the relationship between supervisors’ communication style, empathy, or support and employee loyalty. These findings indicate that supervisors’ communication plays an important role in shaping employees’ emotional management abilities, but employee loyalty is a more complex construct influenced by other factors outside the research model. This study contributes to the development of organizational communication studies by demonstrating that the effectiveness of supervisors’ communication is more relevant to developing employees’ psychological aspects than to directly forming loyalty. These findings also provide opportunities for further research to explore other factors that contribute to increasing employee loyalty.

The Effect of Improvisational Behavior on Sales Performance, Mediated by Product Knowledge, Adaptive Selling Behavior, and Challenge Orientation

2026-07-10T04:17:45+00:00

The increasing competition in the premium decorative paint industry requires salespeople to possess adaptive capabilities beyond technical knowledge to achieve sustainable sales performance. In dynamic market environments, improvisational behavior becomes an important capability that enables salespeople to respond creatively to unexpected customer demands and complex selling situations. This study aims to examine the effect of improvisational behavior on sales performance by investigating the mediating roles of product knowledge, adaptive selling behavior, and challenge orientation among salespeople of PT Cat X in the Sumatera Region. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed using a cross-sectional survey approach. The study involved 57 salespeople selected through a census sampling technique. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that improvisational behavior significantly influences product knowledge, adaptive selling behavior, and challenge orientation. However, product knowledge and adaptive selling behavior do not have significant direct effects on sales performance. Conversely, challenge orientation significantly affects sales performance and serves as a significant mediator in the relationship between improvisational behavior and sales performance. The structural model explains 67.5% of the variance in sales performance. These findings highlight that motivational transformation through challenge orientation is a key mechanism linking improvisational capability to salesperson effectiveness. Therefore, organizations should prioritize challenge-oriented development programs to enhance sales performance in competitive markets.

Analysis of Perceived Severity, Perceived Vulnerability, Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control on the Intention to Continue Using a Smartwatch, with Age as a Moderating Variable

2026-07-16T07:33:28+00:00

Smartwatches are wearable devices that are increasingly used to support health monitoring, physical activity, productivity, and healthy lifestyles. However, the sustained use of smartwatches remains a challenge because not all users continue using these devices over the long term. This study aims to examine the effects of perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on users' continuance intention to use smartwatches, with age serving as a moderating variable. The study integrates Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and adopts a quantitative survey design. Data were collected from 303 smartwatch users in the Greater Jakarta area belonging to Generation Z and Generation Y and were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have positive and significant effects on users' continuance intention to use smartwatches, whereas perceived severity and perceived vulnerability do not have significant effects. Furthermore, age significantly moderates the relationships between perceived vulnerability and continuance intention, and between perceived behavioral control and continuance intention, but does not moderate the relationships involving perceived severity, attitude, or subjective norms. These findings suggest that the sustained use of smartwatches is driven more by users' positive attitudes, social influences, and perceived behavioral control than by their perceptions of health threats.

Islamic Social Accountability of Bank Nano Syariah: A Shariah Enterprise Theory Perspective

2026-07-16T07:34:19+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the implementation of Islamic social accountability at Bank Nano Syariah from the perspective of Shariah Enterprise Theory using the Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) framework. A qualitative case study approach was employed. The study was based on the 2024–2025 annual reports and financial statements of Bank Nano Syariah. Data were collected and analyzed from the company's published reports during the study period. Qualitative content analysis was conducted using 43 Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) disclosure indicators across six dimensions: financing and investment, products and services, employees, community, environment, and corporate governance. Each disclosure indicator was evaluated using a dichotomous scoring method, in which disclosed items received a score of 1 and undisclosed items received a score of 0. The overall ISR disclosure level was then calculated as a percentage and interpreted according to the established disclosure categories. The results indicated that Bank Nano Syariah disclosed 24 of the 43 ISR indicators, resulting in an ISR disclosure level of 55.81%, which was classified as moderate. The highest level of disclosure was observed in the corporate governance and Shariah compliance dimensions, including the management of zakat and benevolent (qard al-hasan) funds as forms of accountability to Allah and society. In contrast, the environmental dimension demonstrated the lowest level of disclosure, with most indicators related to green banking, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), energy efficiency, and sustainability remaining undisclosed.

Risk Management in The Conduct of Tenders and Selection of Construction Services in Klungkung Regency

2026-06-29T02:56:04+00:00

The high complexity and uncertainty in the pre-contract stage of construction service procurement through tenders and selection processes create various risks that may cause work delays, cost overruns, decreased quality of construction outcomes, and even state losses. This study aims to identify risk events, analyze risk agents, and formulate preventive mitigation strategies based on the priority of risk agents to support the implementation of risk management and improve government procurement governance. This study used a mixed-methods approach with an exploratory design through literature reviews, in-depth interviews, brainstorming, and surveys of construction service procurement stakeholders in the Klungkung Regency Government. The data were analyzed using the House of Risk (HOR) model, which includes HOR Phase 1 to determine the priority of risk agents and HOR Phase 2 to formulate the most effective mitigation actions. The study identified 30 risk events and 38 risk agents in the pre-contract stage of construction service procurement. The HOR Phase 1 analysis identified 17 priority risk agents, with the primary cause being the limited competence and capacity of the Commitment-Making Officer (Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen; PPK) in preparing procurement preparation documents. HOR Phase 2 identified 37 preventive actions prioritized based on the effectiveness-to-difficulty ratio. The top-priority action was requiring Commitment-Making Officers to participate in procurement competency training and certification. Improving human resource competence, strengthening document review and supervision, developing standards and standard operating procedures (SOPs), and optimizing internal controls were proven effective in minimizing risks and supporting effective, transparent, and accountable construction service procurement.

Improving Inventory Management Efficiency Through the Reduction of Stock Discrepancies Using a Lean-6S Framework Based on the DMAIC Method

2026-07-10T07:17:02+00:00

Effective inventory management is a critical factor in ensuring operational continuity and efficiency in manufacturing companies. However, many organizations still experience inventory inaccuracies caused by stock discrepancies, improper material placement, inadequate storage standards, and ineffective control systems. This study aims to improve inventory management efficiency by implementing a digitized 6S framework integrated with the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) method to reduce stock discrepancies in a printer manufacturing company in Indonesia. The research employed a quantitative approach supported by qualitative descriptive analysis using a case study design. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, documentation analysis, 6S audits, stock discrepancy measurements, material search time assessments, and safety condition evaluations. The results showed that the implementation of digitized 6S successfully reduced average stock discrepancies from 35.53% to 29.70% and increased inventory accuracy from 64.5% to 70.3%. Furthermore, material search time decreased from 150 minutes to 60 minutes, misplacement cases declined from 56 to 23 cases, and unsafe condition findings decreased from 19 to 6 findings. These findings indicate that the integration of digital control systems, workplace standardization, and lean improvement practices can enhance inventory accuracy, operational efficiency, and warehouse safety. In conclusion, digitized 6S based on DMAIC provides an effective and sustainable approach for reducing stock discrepancies and improving inventory management performance in manufacturing environments.

The Integration of Deep Learning into Islamic Education to Strengthen the Religiosity of Muslim Students at Lirung Inpres Public Elementary School within the Framework of Islamic Education

2026-07-16T07:33:16+00:00

Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam [PAI]) in Muslim-minority areas requires a pedagogical approach that fosters students’ understanding, internalization, and application of Islamic teachings. This study examined the integration of Deep Learning as a pedagogical approach rather than as computer technology or artificial intelligence, emphasizing mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning. The novelty of the study lies in linking this pedagogical approach to the development of Muslim students’ religiosity in a minority context. Specifically, the study analyzed the implementation of PAI instruction, students’ religiosity, the approach’s impact on each dimension of religiosity and Islamic identity, and the factors supporting and constraining its implementation. This study employed a qualitative approach using an intrinsic case study design. Informants were selected through purposive sampling and included the principal, the PAI teacher, and Muslim students. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis and were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, consisting of data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, and verification. The trustworthiness of the data was enhanced through source and method triangulation, member checking, and the use of reference materials. The findings showed that: (1) PAI instruction integrated mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning through reflective questions, connections to students’ lived experiences, stories, videos, quizzes, games, and reflective activities; (2) students’ religiosity was reflected in the dimensions of religious belief, worship practices, religious experience, religious knowledge, and religious behavior; (3) the approach strengthened students’ beliefs, promoted consistent worship practices, fostered positive religious experiences, enhanced religious knowledge, encouraged religious behavior, and reinforced students’ confidence in maintaining their Islamic identity; and (4) implementation was supported by the principal’s leadership, parental support, teacher competence, learning media, worship facilities, a tolerant school environment, and students’ enthusiasm, but was constrained by unreliable electricity, limited internet access, inadequate facilities, variations in students’ religious competence, limited parental guidance at home, and the challenges associated with the Muslim-minority context.

The Relationship Between Traffic Characteristics on Road Segments in Commercial Areas (Case Study: Basuki Rahmat Street, Palu City)

2026-07-16T07:33:40+00:00

Commercial areas generate substantial traffic movements that influence traffic flow characteristics on urban roads. Basuki Rahmat Street in Palu City is one of the city's primary commercial corridors, experiencing increasing traffic activity that affects the relationships among traffic volume, speed, and density. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between traffic volume and speed, traffic volume and density, and speed and density, as well as to determine the most appropriate traffic flow model for Basuki Rahmat Street, Palu City. Traffic volume and speed data were collected through field surveys conducted during peak periods and were analyzed using the Greenshields, Greenberg, and Underwood traffic flow models. Road performance was evaluated in accordance with the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia [PKJI]) 2023 using road capacity, degree of saturation, and Level of Service (LOS) indicators. The results indicated that the peak traffic volume reached 1,015 passenger car units (pcu)/hour, while the road capacity was 5,630.4 pcu/hour, with a degree of saturation of 0.18, corresponding to Level of Service (LOS) B, which indicates stable traffic flow conditions. The analysis of traffic flow characteristics showed that increases in traffic volume and density resulted in a reduction in vehicle speed. Among the three traffic flow models evaluated, the Greenshields model provided the closest representation of the observed traffic conditions and the PKJI 2023 parameters, with a maximum traffic volume of 1,505.51 pcu/hour, an optimum speed of 57.96 km/h, and a traffic density of 28.98 pcu/km. Therefore, the Greenshields model was identified as the most appropriate model for describing the traffic flow characteristics of the commercial corridor along Basuki Rahmat Street, Palu City.